Second Industrial Revolution

Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Second Industrial Revolution shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Second Industrial Revolution offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Second Industrial Revolution at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Second Industrial Revolution? Wrong! If the Second Industrial Revolution is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Second Industrial Revolution then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Second Industrial Revolution? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Second Industrial Revolution and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Second Industrial Revolution wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Second Industrial Revolution then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Second Industrial Revolution site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Second Industrial Revolution, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Second Industrial Revolution, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

The Second Industrial Revolution (1865–1900) is a phrase used by some historians to describe an assumed second phase of the Industrial Revolution. Since this period includes the rise of industrial powers other than Great Britain, such as Germany, France or the USA, it may be used by writers who want to stress the contribution of these countries or minimize the position of the UK.

Several developments within the chemical industry, electrical industry, petroleum industry, and steel industry took place.Western Civilization, page 679 Mass production of consumer goods also developed at this time, for the mechanization of manufacture of food and drink, clothing and transport and even entertainment with the early film, radio and gramophone both served the needs of the population and also provided employment for the increasing numbers. This increasing production, however, was a factor leading up to the Long Depression and the so-called "New Imperialism".

Dating the era The second industrial revolution is termed the second phase of the Industrial Revolution, since from a technological and a social point of view there is no clean break between the two. Indeed, it might be argued that it stems from the middle of the nineteenth century with the growth of railways and steam ships, for crucial inventions such as the Bessemer process and Siemens AG open hearth furnace steel making processes were invented in the decades preceding 1871.

In the United States the Second Industrial Revolution is commonly associated with electrification as pioneered by Nikola Tesla, Thomas Alva Edison and George Westinghouse and by scientific management as applied by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Communication One of the most crucial inventions for the communication of technical ideas in this period was the steam-powered rotary printing press from the previous decades of the revolution. This in turn had been developed as the result of the invention of the endless-web Fourdrinier Machine at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The second industrial revolution also saw the introduction of mechanical typesetting with the Linotype machine and the Monotype. This diffusion of knowledge in Britain, at least, was also the result of the repeal in the 1870s of taxes on paper which encouraged the growth of technical journalism and periodicals by cheapening production costs.

Inventions and their applications were much more diffuse in this Revolution (or phase of a revolution) than earlier. This period saw the growth of machine tools in America capable of making precision parts for use in other machines. It also saw the introduction of the assembly line for the production of consumer goods.

Engines The steam engine was developed and applied in Britain duringthe 18th century and only slowly exported to Europe and the rest of the world during the 19th century, along with the industrial revolution. In contrast, in the second industrial revolution practical developments of the internal-combustion engine appeared in several industrialized countries and the exchange of ideas was much faster. To give but one example, the first practical internal-combustion engine ran on coal gas and was developed in France by Etienne Lenoir, where it had a certain limited success as a stationary engine in light industry.

The internal combustion engine was tried out as a motive force for primitive automobiles in France in the 1870s, but it never was produced in quantity. It was Gottlieb Daimler of Germany who really exploited the breakthrough of using petroleum instead of coal gas as a fuel, for the automobile a few years later. Then it was Henry Ford of the United States who, still later, made the internal combustion engine a mass market phenomenon with a tremendous effect on society. The two stroke petrol engine was initially invented by the British engineer Joseph Day of Bath, who later licensed it to American entrepreneurs whereupon it quickly became the 'poor man's power source', driving motor cycles, motor boats, pumps and becoming a cheap, reliable, driver of small workshops before the days of mainstream electricity.

===Germany===The German Empire came to replace the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as Europe's primary industrial nation during this period. This occurred as a result of three factors:

Germany, having industrialization after Britain, was able to model its factory after those of Britain thus saving a substantial amount of capital, effort, and time. While Germany made use of the latest technology concepts, the British continued to use expensive and outdated technology and therefore were unable (or unwilling) to afford the fruits of their own scientific progress.
In the development of science and pure research, the Germans investment more heavily than the British.
The German cartel system (known as Torre Moore), being significantly concentrated, was able to make more efficient use of fluid capital.
Some believe the reparation payments exacted from France after that country's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 had provided the needed capital to allow massive public investments in infrastructure like railroads. This provided a large market for innovative steel products and facilitated transportation once installed. Following Germany's annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, a number of large factories were also taken over.

Industrial workers This period, akin to the Industrial Revolution was marked by a significant number of transient Urban area workers engaged in industrial labor (economics) (or the pursuit thereof), relatively common unemployment, low wages, and common prostitution due to the lack of other means of income. This period is also notable for an expanding number of white collar workers and increasing enrollment in Labor unions.

Historical uses In the past, the term "second industrial revolution" has often been used in the popular press and by technologists or industrialists to refer to the changes following the spread of new technology after World War I. The excitement and the debate over the dangers and the benefits of the Atomic Age were more intense and lasting than those over the Space age but they both were perceived (separately or together) to lead to another industrial revolution. At the start of the 21st century the term "second industrial revolution" has also been used to describe the anticipated effects of hypothetical molecular nanotechnology systems upon society. In this more recent scenario, the nanofactory would render the majority of today's modern manufacturing processes obsolete, vastly impacting all facets of the modern economy.

References

Beaudreau, Bernard C. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes: How the Second Industrial Revolution Passed Great Britain By, (New York, NY:iUniverse, 2006)